CONTENT

 Content Unit 7

Present Progressive or Continuous

We use it to express actions that are happening in this moment, actions that are in progress.

Structure:

Subject + am/is/are + verb in base form + ing + comp.

Verb to be:

 

·     Affirmative form

I am teaching.

He is running in the park.

She is studying Mathematics.

We are studying English.

 

·     Negative form

     I am teaching.

(-) I am not teaching.

(-) I’m not running. 

     He is running in the park.

(-) He is not running in the park.

(-) He isn’t running in the park.

(-) He’s not running in the park

 

     She is studying Mathematics.

(-) She is not studying Mathematics.

(-) She isn’t studying Mathematics.

(-) She’s not studying Mathematics.

 

     We are studying English.

(-) We are not studying English.

(-) We aren’t studying English.

(-) We’re not studying English.

 

Spelling:

Study = He is studying.

Come = They are coming.

See = It is seeing.

Do = I am doing.

Run = We are running.

Put = She is putting.

Time expressions:

Today

Now

Right now

In this moment

At the moment

This weekend

This ………….

These ………...

Look

Listen

I listen (listen) to the radio every day. (simple present)

I am listening (listen) to the radio right now. (present progressive)

·     Questions:

1.    Yes / No questions

Am I teaching?

Yes, you are                  No, you are not / No, you aren’t

Is he running in the park?

Yes, he is                       No, he is not / No, he isn’t

Are you working hard?

Yes, I am                       No, you are not / No, you aren’t

2.    Wh-questions / Information questions

Are you studying?    Yes I am  / No, I’m not

- What are you studying? ¿Qué estás estudiando?

I am studying English

 - When are you studying?

I am studying every day.

 - Where are you studying?

I am studying at home.

 - Who are you studying with?

I am studying with my friends

 - Why are you studying English?

Because it is necessary for my career.

Because I like it.

Because it is mandatory.

Because it is necessary to get a good job.

 - Who is teaching you English?

Teacher Hernán is teaching me English.

What (Qué)

Where (Dónde)

When (Cuándo)

Which (Cuál)

Who (Quién)

Why (Por qué)

How (Cómo)

 Content Unit 8

What are you wearing? Que estás puesto?

I am wearing sneakers, jeans and t-shirt.

 

What kinds of clothes do you like to wear?

I like to wear…..

 

Grammar:

Like to

Want to

Need to

Have to

verbs to

I like to wear a dress.

My sister likes to wear a dress.

I like apples

 

You want to learn English.

He wants to learn English.

You want a car.

 

We need to buy a computer.

She needs to buy a computer.

We need money.

 

They have to go to the gym.

My brother has to go to the gym.

They have dogs.

 

Structure:

Subject + like/want/need/have + to + verb base form + c.

 

Simple present

Third person: He – she – it

We have to add:

S-ES-IES

Have:

I have

You have

He has

She has

It has

We have

You have

They have

·     Negative form

We use two auxiliary verbs:

don’t (do not) (I, you, we, they)

doesn’t (does not) (he,she,it)

 

You like to speak Japanese.

You don’t like to speak Japanese.

She likes to visit the church.

She doesn’t like to visit the church.

 

We need to buy jeans.

We don’t need to buy jeans.

She needs to learn Chemistry.

She doesn’t need to learn Chemistry.

 

 

They have to go tomorrow.

They don’t have to go tomorrow.

He has to drive his car.

He doesn’t have to drive his car.

 

·     Questions:

We use two auxiliary verbs:

do (I, you, we, they)

does (he, she, it)

 

You have to dance in the party.

Do you have to dance in the party?

Yes, I do

No, I don’t

 

She has to buy a new dress.

Does she have to buy a new dress?

Yes, she does

No, she doesn’t

 

What do you find (color) in nature? (naichur)

What do you find (red) in nature? an apple

What do you find (white) in nature? the snow

 

Grammar:

How much =¿Cuánto cuesta?

How much is this car? ¿Cuánto cuesta este carro?

Singular	Plural
This (near)	These (near)
That (we point the object)	Those (we point the objects)

 

How much is this computer?

It’s $600

This = esto, esta, este

 

How much are these computers?

They’re $1.000

These = estos, estas

 

How much is that computer?

It’s $800

That = eso, esa, ese

How much are those computers?

They’re $2.000

Those = esos, esas

  Content Unit 9

CAN

We can use the modal verb CAN (poder), and we use it in the following situations:

1.    Abilities

2.    Possibilities

3.    Permission

4.    Request.

1.    Abilities:

I can speak English.

Stephanie can dance.

Francis can play basketball.

Israel can dance regueton.

Structure:

Subject + can/can’t + verb base form + c

 

Jenny can singer

Guido can to play ecuavolley

 

·     Negative form

My sister can bake.

(-) My sister can’t bake.

 

He can ride a horse.

(-) He can’t ride a horse.

·     Questions:

You can iron.

 Can you iron?

Yes, I can                   No, I can’t

She can speak four languages.

Can she speak four languages?

Yes, she can.             No, she can’t.

 

2.    Possibility.

You can eat fish.

You can eat chontacuros.

You can eat traditional food.

Structure:

Subject + can/can’t + verb base form + c

1.    Yes / No questions

You can visit the lakes in Ibarra.

Can you visit the lakes in Ibarra?

Yes, I can

No, I can’t

 

     2.    Wh-questions / Information questions

What can I do in Ambato?

You can buy souvenirs.

You can eat llapingachos.

You can visit your family.

You can visit a museum.

  Content Unit 10

Grammar:

Simple Past.

We can use the simple past with:

1.    Regular verbs.

2.    Irregular verbs.

 

1.    Regular verbs

Work = worked

Clean = cleaned

Jump = jumped

Watch = watched

Like = liked

Play = played        stay = stayed

Study = studied       cry = cried          fry = fried

Chat = chatted           stop = stopped       shop = shopped    = cvc  Except (W,X,Y,Z)

My friend cleaned the house.

You cooked dinner last night.

They visited the mall.

 

Structure:

Subject + verb past + c

 

·     Negative: 

We use auxiliary verb didn’t (did not)

My friend cleaned the house.

(-) My friend didn’t clean the house.

 

You cooked dinner last night.

(-) You didn’t cook dinner last night.

 

They visited the mall.

(-) They didn’t visit the mall.

 

Time expressions:

Yesterday

Last …….

Ago        

I went to Miami two years ago = yo fui a Miami hace 2 años)

My cousin arrived to the country three hours ago = Mi prima llegó al país hace 3 horas)

 

Irregular verbs.

·     Negative: 

She bought a house                                     

(-) she didn’t buy a house 

They spent $1000.                           

(-) they didn’t spend $1000

He came fast.

(-) he didn’t come fast.

 

·     Questions: We need the auxiliary verb DID

She bought a house                                                                              

Did she buy a house?

Yes, she did       No, she didn’t                                                                          

 

They spent $1000.

Did they  spend $1000?

Yes, they did      No, they didn’t

 

He came fast.

Did the come fast?

Yes, he did            No, he didn’t 

 

  Content Unit 11

TO BE (Past)

I was

You were

He was

She was

It was

We were

You were

They were

 

I was unhappy.

My teacher was strict.

We were scared.

They were tall.

Structure:

subject + was/were + adjective.

 

I was a teacher.

She was my friend.

They were my students.

Structure:

subject + was/were + noun

Noun:

People

Animals

Things

 

He is working (Present Progressive)

He was working (Past Progressive)

 

·     Negative form

He was my teacher.

He was not my teacher.

He wasn’t my teacher.

 

They were friends.

They were not friends.

They weren’t friends.

 

She was angry.

She was not angry.

She wasn’t angry.

 

·     Questions:

Were you happy? (Yes/no question)

Yes, I was

No, I wasn’t

 

Where Were you happy? (Information question)

I was happy when I was a child.

I was happy in my school.

 

When Were you happy?

I was happy when I was 18 years old.

 

Why were you happy?

I was happy because I had good grades.

 

Where were you last night?

Last night I was at home.

 

Vocabulary

Get lost = perderse

I got lost = Yo me perdí

Get sick = enfermarse

I got sick = Yo me enfermé

 

Get married = casarse

We got married = Nosotros nos casamos

 

Get along = llevarse bien.

I broke up with my girlfriend because we didn’t get along.

 

Get a bad sunburn = quemarse con el sol

Content Unit 12

Noun:

People

Animals

Things

 

Singular Nouns

a = 1                             an = 1

a banana                    an apple

a melon                      an orange

a lemon                      an eraser

a watermelon           an umbrella

I have to take a test in …an… hour.

I bought …a…. house.

 

Plural Nouns

melons

bananas

houses

boxes

dictionary = dictionaries

 

Countable Nouns

We can count the nouns.

houses

people

vegetables

bananas

tangerines

bill (billete)

coins (monedas)

 

Uncountable Nouns

We can’t count the nouns.

Uncountable nouns DON’T HAVE plural form.

milk                 a glass of, a bottle of, a liter of

coffee               a cup of

water

sugar                  a kilogram, a pound (una libra)

rice

salt

meat

bread

money

Quantifiers

	COUNTABLE	UNCOUNTABLE	Example
Many	x		There are many students.
Much (negative sentences)		x	I don’t have much sugar.
How many	x		How many people do you have?
How much		x	How much money do you need?
Few (pocos) A few (pocos)	x		I need few books.
Little (poco) A little		x	I need little salt.
Some	x	x	I have some friends. She needs some milk.
A lot of	x	x	She has a lot of notebooks. They have a lot of water.

 

1.   
I have money but I have few friends.

2.    I don’t have money but I have a few friends.

 

What would you like to eat? ¿Qué te gustaría comer?

I would like to eat …….

I’d like = I would like

 

What would you like to drink?

I’d like to drink a cup of coffee.

either (ider) = tampoco

thirsty = sediento

Some                   (+)

Any                      (-) and (?)